History of the Angus Beef Cattle
 A bull | |
| Conservation status |
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|---|---|
| Other names |
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| Nicknames | Doddies Hummlies |
| Country of origin | Scotland |
| Distribution | All inhabited continents |
| Use | Beef |
| Traits | |
| Weight |
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| Elevation |
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| Coat | Black or Red |
| Horn status | Polled |
| |
The Aberdeen Angus, sometimes simply Angus, is a Scottish breed of modest beefiness cattle. It derives from cattle native to the counties of Aberdeen, Banff, Kincardine and Angus in north-eastern Scotland.[4] : 96 In 2018 the breed accounted for over 17% of the UK beefiness industry.[five]
The Angus is naturally polled and solid black or cerise,[6] although the udder may exist white. The cattle have been exported to many countries of the world; there are big populations in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, South America and the U.s.,[6] where it has developed into two dissever and distinct breeds, the American Angus and Carmine Angus.[4] : 105 In some countries it has been bred to be taller than the native Scottish stock.[six]
Its conservation status worldwide is "non at risk";[1] : 143 in the United Kingdom the original Native Aberdeen Angus – cattle not influenced by cantankerous-convenance with imported stock – is listed past the Rare Breeds Survival Trust as "at take chances".[iii]
History [edit]
Aberdeen Angus cattle have been recorded in north-eastern Scotland since at least the sixteenth century.[7] For some time before the 1800s, the hornless cattle in Aberdeenshire and Angus were chosen Angus doddies.
In 1824, William McCombie of Tillyfour, later the Member of Parliament for W Aberdeenshire, began to amend the stock and is regarded today as the father of the breed.[viii] Many local names emerged, including doddies or hummlies.
The breed was officially recognised in 1835, and was initially registered together with the Galloway in the Polled Herd Book.[4] : 96 A society was formed in 1879.[ citation needed ] The cattle became commonplace throughout the British Isles in the middle of the twentieth century.[nine]
Argentina [edit]
As stated in the fourth volume of the Herd Book of the UK's Angus, this breed was introduced to Argentina in 1879 when "Don Carlos Guerrero" imported one balderdash and 2 cows for his Estancia "Charles" located in Juancho, Partido de General Madariaga, Provincia de Buenos Aires. The balderdash was built-in on 19 April 1878; named "Virtuoso 1626" and raised past Colonel Ferguson. The cows were named "Aunt Lee 4697" raised by J. James and "Cinderela 4968" raised by R. Walker and were both born in 1878, on 31 January and 23 April respectively.[10]
Australia [edit]
Angus cattle were first introduced to Van Diemen'southward Land (at present Tasmania) in the 1820s, and to the southern mainland in 1840. The breed is at present constitute in all Australian states and territories with 62,000 calves registered with Angus Australia in 2010.[11]
Canada [edit]
In 1876 William Brown, a professor of agriculture and then superintendent of the experimental farm at Guelph, Ontario, was granted permission by the government of Ontario to purchase Aberdeen Angus cattle for the Ontario Agronomical Higher. The herd comprised a yearling bull, Gladiolus, and a cow, Eyebright, bred by the Earl of Fife and a cow, Leochel Lass 4th, bred by R.O. Farquharson. On 12 Jan 1877, Eyebright gave birth to a calf, sired by Sir Wilfrid. It was the kickoff to be born exterior of Scotland. The OAC went on to import additional bulls and cows, somewhen began selling Aberdeen Angus cattle in 1881.[12]
United states of america [edit]
On 17 May 1873, George Grant brought four Angus bulls, without any cows, to Victoria, Kansas. These were seen every bit unusual as the normal American cattle consisted of Shorthorns and Longhorns, and the bulls were used just in crossbreeding. However, the farmers noticed the good qualities of these bulls and later, many more cattle of both sexes were imported.
On 21 Nov 1883, the American Angus Association was founded in Chicago, Illinois.[xiv] The first herd book was published on March 1885. At this fourth dimension both red and blackness animals were registered without stardom. However, in 1917 the Association barred the registering of red and other coloured animals in an endeavor to promote a solid black breed.[fifteen]
The Scarlet Angus Association of America was founded in 1954 by breeders of Red Angus cattle. It was formed because the breeders had had their cattle struck off the herd book for non conforming to the changed brood standard regarding colour.[15]
Germany [edit]
A carve up brood was cross bred in Germany called the German language Angus. Information technology is a cantankerous between the Angus and several different cattle such as the German Blackness Pied Cattle, Gelbvieh, and Fleckvieh. The cattle are usually larger than the Angus and announced in black and red colours.[16]
Characteristics [edit]
Because of their native surroundings, the cattle are very hardy and can survive the Scottish winters, which are typically harsh, with snowfall and storms. Cows typically weigh 550 kilograms (one,210 lb) and bulls weigh 850 kilograms (ane,870 lb).[17] Calves are usually born smaller than is adequate for the marketplace, and so crossbreeding with dairy cattle is needed for veal production.[17] The cattle are naturally polled and blackness in color. They typically mature before than other native British breeds such equally the Hereford or Northward Devon. However, in the middle of the 20th century a new strain of cattle called the Reddish Angus emerged.[18] [xix] The United States does non accept Red Angus cattle into herd books, while the United kingdom of great britain and northern ireland and Canada practise.[19] Except for their colour genes, there is no genetic difference between black and reddish Angus, but they are regarded equally different breeds in the United states of america. Withal, there take been claims that black angus are more sustainable to cold atmospheric condition, though unconfirmed.[xix]
The cattle have a large muscle content and are regarded as medium-sized. The meat is very pop in Nippon for its marbling qualities.[twenty]
Mixed herd of Black and Blood-red Angus
Genetic disorders [edit]
There are iv recessive defects that can bear on calves worldwide. A recessive defect occurs when both parents behave a recessive gene that will affect the calf. One in four calves will testify the defect even when both parents conduct the defective gene. The four recessive defects in the Black Angus breed that are currently managed with DNA tests are arthrogryposis multiplex (AM), referred to as curly dogie, which lowers the mobility of joints; neuropathic hydrocephalus (NH), sometimes known as h2o head, which causes an enlarged malformed skull; contractural arachnodactyly (CA), formerly referred to by the name of "fawn dogie syndrome", which reduces mobility in the hips; and dwarfism, which affects the size of calves. Both parents demand to carry the genes for a dogie to exist affected with one of these disorders.[21] [22] [23] Because of this, the American Angus Association will remove the carrier cattle from the breed in an attempt to reduce the number of cases.[24]
Between 2008 and 2010, the American Angus Association reported worldwide recessive genetic disorders in Angus cattle. It has been shown that a small minority of Angus cattle can acquit osteoporosis.[25] A farther defect chosen notomelia, a course of polymelia ("many legs") was reported in the Angus breed in 2010.[26]
Uses [edit]
The main employ of Angus cattle is for beefiness production and consumption. The beefiness can be marketed as superior due to its marbled advent. This has led to many markets, including Australia, Nippon and the Britain to adopt it into the mainstream.[twenty] Angus cattle tin can also be used in crossbreeding to reduce the likelihood of dystocia (difficult calving), and considering of their dominant polled gene, they can be used to crossbreed to create polled calves.[27]
Angus calf with its mother
See too [edit]
- List of cattle breeds originating in Scotland
References [edit]
- ^ a b Barbara Rischkowsky, Dafydd Pilling (editors) (2007). List of breeds documented in the Global Databank for Animal Genetic Resources, annex to The Land of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Nutrient and Agriculture. Rome: Committee on Genetic Resource for Food and Agriculture, Food and Agronomics Organization of the United Nations. ISBN 9789251057629. Archived 23 June 2020.
- ^ a b c d e Brood data canvas: Aberdeen-Angus / United Kingdom of Great Uk and Northern Ireland (Cattle). Domestic Animal Diversity Data Organization of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the Un. Accessed September 2021.
- ^ a b c Watchlist overview. Kenilworth, Warwickshire: Rare Breeds Survival Trust. Accessed September 2021.
- ^ a b c Valerie Porter, Lawrence Alderson, Stephen J.Thou. Hall, D. Phillip Sponenberg (2016). Stonemason'due south Globe Encyclopedia of Livestock Breeds and Convenance (6th edition). Wallingford: CABI. ISBN 9781780647944.
- ^ "Aberdeen Angus set to exist UK's virtually popular beefiness breed". Farming UK. Retrieved 5 November 2021.
- ^ a b c Native Aberdeen Angus. Kenilworth, Warwickshire: Rare Breeds Survival Trust. Accessed September 2021.
- ^ "Britannic Rare Breeds – Angus Cattle". Britannic Rare Breeds. Archived from the original on 20 June 2015. Retrieved 25 June 2015.
- ^ "Oklahoma Land University Red Angus breed profile".
- ^ "The Cattle Site – Angus Breeds". The Cattle Site . Retrieved 25 June 2015.
- ^ Historia de la Cabaña Charles de Guerrero, criadora de Angus desde 1879 Archived 8 February 2016 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Archived re-create" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 March 2012. Retrieved 28 Baronial 2013.
{{cite spider web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy equally championship (link) - ^ "Beginning Herd of Aberdeen-Angus Established by OAC in 1876". Kitchener-Waterloo Record (Microfilm). vi March 1954. p. two.
- ^ American Angus Association. "Angus History". angus.org. Archived from the original on 24 September 2006. Retrieved ii October 2006.
- ^ a b Red Angus Association of America. "History of Red Angus". redangus.org. Archived from the original on 24 September 2006. Retrieved two October 2006.
- ^ "German Angus cattle information". Interboves . Retrieved 10 August 2015.
- ^ a b RBST. "Aberdeen Angus (Native)". Factsheet. Kenilworth, Warwickshire: Rare Breeds Survival Trust. Archived from the original on thirty June 2015. Retrieved 25 June 2015.
- ^ "Encyclopædia Britannica – Cattle Breeds". Encyclopædia Britannica . Retrieved 25 June 2015.
- ^ a b c "Cherry Angus History" (PDF). p. 2. Retrieved two Baronial 2015.
- ^ a b "New South Wales Agriculture – Angus cattle". Archived from the original on 24 June 2015. Retrieved 25 June 2015.
- ^ Denholm, Laurence. "Congenital contractural arachnodactyly ('fawn calf syndrome') in Angus cattle" (PDF). NSW Department of Trade and Investment PrimeFact 1015 May 2010.
- ^ Vidler, Adam, Defects on rise every bit factor pool drains, p. 63, The Land, Rural Press, Northward Richmond, NSW
- ^ Another genetic defect affects Angus cattle Retrieved on 29 May
- ^ "American Angus Clan". Angus.org. Archived from the original on 28 May 2019. Retrieved 14 May 2012.
- ^ Whitlock, Brian Yard. "Heritable Birth Defects in Angus Cattle" (PDF). Appliedreprostrategies.com. Retrieved 24 August 2015.
- ^ "Denholm L et al(2010) Polymelia (supernumerary limbs) in Angus calves".
- ^ "Angus". Cattle Today. Archived from the original on 17 Oct 2006. Retrieved 29 October 2006.
External links [edit]
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Media related to Angus cattle at Wikimedia Commons
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aberdeen_Angus
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